Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve

Author: explore_nepal

Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve

Location

• Province: Koshi Province

• Districts: Sunsari, Saptari, and Udayapur

• Established: 1976 A.D. (2033 B.S.)

• Area: 175 sq. km

• Buffer Zone: 173 sq. km

• Altitude: 75–81 meters above sea level

• Coordinates: Lies on the floodplain of the Sapta Koshi River, the largest river of Nepal.

Overview

Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is Nepal’s first Ramsar site (designated in 1987) — recognized internationally as a wetland of global importance.
It protects the last remaining habitat of the wild water buffalo (Arna) and is a paradise for bird watchers and wildlife photographers.

Flora and Fauna

Vegetation

• Dominated by grasslands, riverine forests, and wetlands.

• Common plants include khagra reed, kans grass, sissoo, and khair (Acacia catechu).

• Seasonal floodplains create a constantly changing landscape — ideal for migratory species.

Wildlife

• Mammals (around 31 species)

  • Wild Water Buffalo (Arna) – globally endangered, about 150+ individuals remain.

  • Asian Elephant, Hog Deer, Wild Boar, Golden Jackal, Fishing Cat, and Smooth-coated Otter.

• Birds (over 520 species) – making it Nepal’s top birdwatching site.

  • Migratory and resident birds such as:

    • Swamp Francolin

    • Pallas’s Fish Eagle

    • Bengal Florican (critically endangered)

    • Black-necked Stork, Spoonbill, and Ruddy Shelduck

  • Winter is the peak season for migratory birds arriving from Siberia and Tibet.

• Reptiles & Amphibians:

  • Gharial crocodile, Indian rock python, and monitor lizard.

• Aquatic Life:

  • Rich fish diversity due to the Koshi River network.

The Great Koshi Barrage

• Located just south of the reserve, near Koshi Barrage in Sunsari District.

• The barrage serves as a birdwatching hotspot and viewpoint for sunrise and sunset.

• Also offers boating opportunities and scenic views of the Koshi River.

Activities

1. Bird Watching – early morning and late afternoon are best.

2. Jeep Safari / Nature Walks – through grasslands and riverbanks.

3. Boat Excursion – along the Koshi River to spot dolphins, crocodiles, and aquatic birds.

4. Elephant Ride (limited) – available seasonally.

5. Photography & Eco-tourism Research – excellent opportunities for wildlife documentation.

Best Time to Visit

• Winter (October–March): Best for migratory birds and comfortable temperatures.

• Spring (March–May): Lush greenery, local bird nesting season.

• Avoid: Monsoon (June–September) — heavy rainfall and flooding may limit access.

Access

• By Road:

  • Kathmandu → Itahari → Koshi Barrage (~500 km, 10–12 hours).

  • Biratnagar is the nearest major city (approx. 50 km away).

• By Air:

  • Flight from Kathmandu → Biratnagar Airport (~40 min).

  • Then 1.5-hour drive to the reserve.

• Nearest Town: Laukahi or Prakashpur (entry point to reserve).

Accommodation

• Koshi Camp and Wildlife Camp near the reserve entrance.

• Lodges and guesthouses available in Laukahi, Prakashpur, and Biratnagar.

• Facilities for camping and picnics within the buffer zone (with prior permission).

Conservation Importance

• Only site in Nepal with true floodplain grassland ecosystem.

• Managed by the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC).

• Key research and conservation area for:

  • Wild water buffalo (Arna)

  • Migratory birds

  • Wetland biodiversity

Community & Culture

• Surrounding villages are home to Tharu, Musahar, and Rajbanshi communities.

• Tourists can experience Tharu homestays, traditional dances, and local cuisine.

• Community-based eco-tourism supports both wildlife conservation and local livelihoods.

Why Visit Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve

• Nepal’s premier birdwatching and wetland ecosystem.

• Only habitat of the rare wild water buffalo.

• Peaceful, uncrowded, and perfect for eco-tourism and nature retreats.

• Opportunities for wildlife photography, river safaris, and community experiences.